How Big Tech Is Powering Data Centers with Next-Generation Nuclear Fission Startups

With the explosion of artificial intelligence driving unprecedented demand for electricity in the U.S., major technology companies are seeking reliable, large-scale energy sources to power their data centers. This has led to renewed interest and investment in nuclear fission, particularly in innovative small modular reactor (SMR) designs that promise safer, more flexible, and cost-effective nuclear power. Unlike traditional massive reactors, SMRs can be manufactured at scale and deployed in various configurations, though none have yet been built in the U.S. Despite this, tech giants such as Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft are actively supporting several nuclear startups through direct investments and long-term power purchase agreements. Notable startups include Kairos Power, which uses molten fluoride salt for cooling and aims to supply Google with 500 megawatts by 2035; Oklo, backed by Sam Altman and focused on liquid metal-cooled reactors that reduce nuclear waste; Saltfoss (formerly Seaborg), which plans to deploy ship-based molten salt reactors with backing from Bill Gates and Peter Thiel; TerraPower, founded by Gates, developing the Natrium reactor with advanced heat storage; and X-Energy, recipient of a $700 million investment from Amazon, working on high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. These partnerships reflect Big Tech’s strategic move to secure stable, clean energy for future computing needs while supporting the next wave of nuclear innovation.