Analysis of Spain’s Social Media Ban: Risks, Privacy Concerns, and Alternatives

The Spanish Government has announced a ban on social media access for individuals under 16, citing child protection as the main reason. However, critics argue the measure is largely ineffective and poses serious risks to privacy and civil liberties. Social media companies prioritize advertising revenue over user well-being, designing platforms to maximize engagement, often to the detriment of mental health. Measures like hiding ‘likes’ could reduce harm without restricting access, but governments often avoid these less disruptive alternatives due to economic interests. Prohibiting access entirely can hinder freedom of expression, access to information, and social development, especially for marginalized groups or individuals with dissident sexual and gender identities. Age verification systems, required for enforcement, would create centralized databases linking civil identities to online activity, increasing cybercrime risks and eliminating anonymity that historically protects dissent. The Spanish initiative reflects a broader trend of internet surveillance and control, illustrated by projects like ‘Cartera Digital Beta’ and European directives such as the Digital Markets Act. Experts suggest that alternatives, such as banning manipulative interface elements and holding social media companies accountable through statutory duties of care, would protect minors more effectively while preserving adult privacy and public discourse.